Light is one of the most powerful elements in architecture. It not only ensures that spaces are functional, but also influences perception, aesthetics and people’s wellbeing. However, achieving suitable lighting is not always straightforward. There are challenges with both natural and artificial light, and addressing them properly can make the difference between a successful design and a space that simply doesn’t work. In this article, we’ll explore the most common lighting problems in architecture and how to solve them efficiently.

The challenge of natural light in architecture

Natural light is undoubtedly the most sought-after resource in architectural design. Its warmth and variability create dynamic, lively environments, reduce the need for artificial lighting and improve occupants’ wellbeing. However, working with it is not always easy.

Excess light: Glare and overexposure

Too much light can be just as problematic as too little. At certain times of the day, natural light can be overly intense, causing uncomfortable glare and overexposed areas that affect a space’s functionality. Solution:
  • Use solar-control glazing to reduce the impact of direct sunlight.
  • Install curtains, blinds or louvres to regulate light entry as needed.
  • Design strategic overhangs and cantilevers to block the sun during critical hours.

Lack of light in interior spaces

Not all buildings have direct access to natural light sources. In high-density buildings or constructions in enclosed urban settings, the lack of daylight can result in dark, uninviting spaces. Solution:
  • Incorporate skylights and internal courtyards to maximise natural illumination.
  • Use reflective surfaces and light colours on walls and ceilings to disperse available light.
  • Rearrange interior spaces to improve how light penetrates from existing openings.

Dependence on sun orientation

A building’s orientation affects the amount and quality of natural light it receives. A design without prior light analysis can lead to rooms that are overly bright in summer and dim in winter. Solution:
  • Conduct a solar analysis before construction to optimise the placement of windows and openings.
  • Use elements such as pergolas, green walls or movable panels to modulate light throughout the year.

The role of artificial light in architectural design

When natural light is insufficient, artificial lighting takes control. Used appropriately, it not only complements daylight, but can also create unique atmospheres, highlight architectural features and enhance a space’s functionality. However, it brings its own set of challenges.

Inadequate lighting: Cool vs. warm

Choosing the wrong colour temperature can alter how a space is perceived. A setting with cool lighting may feel impersonal, while lighting that is overly warm can create a sense of confinement. Solution:
  • Use warm light (2700K–3000K) in relaxation areas such as living rooms and bedrooms.
  • Choose neutral light (3500K–4000K) in transit areas such as corridors and bathrooms.
  • Opt for cool light (5000K–6000K) in work areas like kitchens and offices to aid concentration.

Shadows and poor light distribution

A lack of uniformity in artificial lighting distribution can create unwanted shadows and affect a space’s functionality. Solution:
  • Use indirect lighting to soften shadows on ceilings and walls.
  • Implement a combination of general, task and decorative lighting for balanced distribution.
  • Install dimmable fixtures to adjust brightness according to the space’s use.

High energy consumption

A poorly planned lighting design can lead to energy waste and high bills. Solution:
  • Opt for low-consumption LED bulbs.
  • Include motion sensors and dimming systems to reduce unnecessary lighting use.
  • Implement smart lighting connected to home automation systems to optimise energy consumption.

How to strategically integrate natural and artificial light

The key to a good lighting design is finding the balance between natural and artificial light. Some strategies include:
  • Making the most of natural light during the day and complementing it with artificial lighting at night.
  • Using light sensors that automatically adjust the intensity of artificial lighting based on the amount of natural light available.
  • Designing lighting systems with dimmers to adapt light levels to different needs and times of day.
  • Using accent lighting to highlight architectural details without overloading energy consumption.

Opinion: Designing with light to create unique spaces

Lighting is an essential element in architecture and can transform a space from monotonous to vibrant and functional. Both natural and artificial light come with their own challenges, but with intelligent solutions and strategic design, it is possible to enhance user experience and optimise energy consumption. Investing in well-planned lighting not only beautifies spaces, but also improves quality of life and efficiency in every architectural project. At La Quinta Fachada, we believe in the power of light as a transformative element in architecture. If you need advice on improving the lighting in your projects, contact us and let’s make your ideas shine!